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Referendum --- Public opinion --- European Economic Community

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This book offers a comparative analysis of credit cooperative systems across 23 European countries. Cooperative banking has an important place in the financial, economic and social life of most European countries, and while cooperative banks, credit mutuals, credit cooperatives and credit unions share the spirit of cooperation and mutuality, they often have very different features, history and development. The book examines the evolution and current model of each credit cooperative system, its importance for the national and local banking markets, as well as the impact of the financial crisis on cooperative banking, and also presents the sharp contrasts between these systems throughout the EU. It is of significant scientific and practical interest and enables policymakers, practitioners and academics at European and national levels to deepen their understanding of the evolution of the system and its governance.

Finance. --- Banks and banking. --- Macroeconomics. --- European Economic Community literature. --- Banking. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- European Integration. --- Banks and banking, Cooperative --- Financial crises --- Credit unions --- Cooperative banks --- Credit cooperatives --- People's banks --- Thrift institutions --- Banks and banking --- Cooperative societies --- European Economic Community lite. --- Economics --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money

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This book takes a close look at macroeconomic imbalances within the Eurozone and explores the profound consequences the introduction of the European Monetary Union (EMU) has had on Euro area countries. Particular attention is given to balance of payments deficits and surpluses, and the profound difficulties of rebalancing the Euro area. Throughout the chapters, the author argues that the EMU has failed to support an optimal currency area with the correct institutional arrangements due to misunderstandings at a macroeconomic level. The author also sheds light on the stability pact and the resulting macroeconomic trap which has left a number of Eurozone countries with devastatingly high rates of unemployment. The book argues that by disregarding important macroeconomic imbalances, Euro-monetarists have derailed the entire Eurozone project to such an extent that it is at risk of falling apart. Key chapters discuss the establishment of the EMU from a Euro-realist perspective and the role of the European Central Bank in rebalancing financial markets. The concluding chapter looks ahead to the future of the Euro and proposes necessary institutional solutions to the macroeconomic problems it is currently facing. Scholars and students with an interest in the current economic disarray within the Eurozone will find this work thought-provoking and highly informative. Jesper Jespersen is Professor of Economics at Roskilde University, Denmark. He holds a PhD in International Economics from the European University Institute, Florence, Italy. Further, he has been a visiting professor at the University of Burgundy, France, and a research fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge, UK. He is the author of Macroeconomic Methodology (2009), and co-editor of Keynes’s General Theory for Today (2012) and Teaching Post Keynesian Economics (2013).

Europe --- European Economic Community literature. --- Economic policy. --- Economics. --- European Integration. --- Economic Policy. --- European Politics. --- Politics and government. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Politics --- European Economic Community lite. --- Europe-Politics and government. --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Europe—Politics and government.

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This volume focuses on the integration and globalization of Romania, a prominent emerging market in South-Eastern Europe and one of the major players in the securitization of the Black Sea and the Eastern European border, as both a part of NATO since 2004 and a fully integrated EU Member State since 2007. It will examine the challenges the country has faced in its progression from totalitarianism to democracy through several waves of reform intended to update and streamline its political and economic processes for success in the free-market capitalist arena. Having learned the hard way about some of the key aspects of public administration, Romania has learned a place for itself among the diverse global players of Europe and beyond. The first section reviews current perspectives on globalization and its impact in the late 20th century. It has “flattened” the Earth, generating better communication and exchanges than ever before, but also gathering a fair amount of criticisms from commentators seeing it as little else than neo-colonialism. Cooperative-administrative strategies are being suggested instead, in order for new public administration patterns to smoothly run in coordination with the globalized world. In the second section, the European Union is described as a complex multi-level socio-political entity, itself historically in turmoil over its own style of rule – e.g. hierarchy vs. coordination, integration vs. centralization, etc. – or even its own existence, as the European dream seemed to be losing steam with the general population of Europe several times in the previous century. Powers and responsibilities of the European institutions and agencies are also discussed. Thirdly, the recent history of Romania is approached from the Europeanization context, starting from its post-1989 days of confusion and of attempting to jumpstart democracy. Eventually, it has to undergo a series of reforms and internalize some principles fundamental to the EU in order for the much-awaited accession to occur and its multiple effects to start taking place. A country with a rich cultural heritage and straddling multiple socio-political axes, Romania has plenty more to offer in the new geostrategic, security and development contexts of the 21st-century Europe. As such, this volume provides inspiration for further research and practical application opportunities on topics of local, European and global significance.

Public policy. --- Globalization --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Globalization. --- Public administration. --- European Economic Community lite. --- Emerging Markets/Globalization. --- Public Administration. --- European Integration. --- Public Policy. --- Administration, Public --- Delivery of government services --- Government services, Delivery of --- Public management --- Public sector management --- Political science --- Administrative law --- Decentralization in government --- Local government --- Public officers --- Markets. --- European Economic Community literature. --- Public markets --- Commerce --- Fairs --- Market towns

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'Conti and Memoli make a very compelling argument that citizens' attitudes towards the European Union are affected by their media diets and that social media may be contributing to the diffusion of Euro-skeptic views. This is a path-breaking contribution and a must-read for anyone who is interested in media effects and the future of European integration.' - Cristian Vaccari, Royal Holloway University of London and University of Bologna 'This valuable and insightful book investigates the relationship of public Euroscepticism to media. They show that with the advent of "Web 2.0", the first generations of ‘netizens’ and social networkers have been more inclined to negative sentiments regarding the EU, a fascinating but disturbing phenomenon that has significant implications and consequences for the future of the European Union.' - Kenneth Benoit This volume presents a highly comprehensive analysis of citizens’ use of media and attitudes towards the EU. It shows that the media have a definite, but differentiated, impact on citizens’ attitudes. A broad use of media positively influences support for the EU, as it refines citizens’ cognitive capabilities and understanding of the European reality. However, this work shows that prevalent use of online media serves to channel more critical attitudes and disaffection for the EU. A negative climate, particularly on the rise on the Internet and among the young and well-educated generations of active users, could influence the context where the most important political decisions on the EU are taken. In this wide-ranging text, readers will learn how this study could give a completely new perspective to EU development that, in the past, has always been about creating an ever closer union. This book will be of importance to researchers and scholars who are interested in the way that the EU’s path might be more difficult in the future if collective action through the Internet becomes a major challenge. Nicolò Conti is Associate Professor of Political Science at the Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. His main research focus is on parties, elites and the EU, and on coalition governance. On these topics he has published articles in several international journals. He has recently edited The Challenge of Coalition Government: The Italian Case (2015 - with F. Marangoni) and Party Attitudes Towards the EU in the Member States. Parties for Europe, Parties Against Europe (2014). Vincenzo Memoli is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Catania, Italy. His main research interests are in the fields of democracy, media, public opinion and political behaviour. On these topics he has published articles in several international journals. He is the author of Why Policy Representation Matters: The Consequences of Ideological Congruence between Citizens and their Governments (2015 – with L. Curini and W. Joe). .

Culture --- Ethnology --- Communication. --- Social media. --- European Union. --- European Economic Community literature. --- Cultural and Media Studies. --- Media and Communication. --- European Culture. --- European Integration. --- European Union Politics. --- Social Media. --- Study and teaching. --- Europe. --- Mass media --- Ethnology-Europe. --- European Economic Community lite. --- User-generated media --- Communication --- User-generated content --- Communication, Primitive --- Mass communication --- Sociology --- Ethnology—Europe. --- Culture. --- Europe --- European Economic Integration. --- European Politics. --- Gay culture Europe --- Cultural sociology --- Sociology of culture --- Civilization --- Popular culture --- Economic integration. --- Politics and government. --- Social aspects